Daily salinity fluctuation alleviates salt stress on seedlings of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza

Salinity is a vital factor that regulates leaf photosynthesis and growth of mangroves, and it frequently undergoes large seasonal and daily fluctuations creating a range of environments – oligohaline to hyperhaline. Here, we examined the hypotheses that mangroves benefit opportunistically from low salinity resulting from daily fluctuations and as such, mangroves under daily fluctuating salinity (FS) grow better than those under constant salinity (CS) conditions. We compared growth, salt accumulation, gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence of leaves of mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza seedlings growing in freshwater (FW), CS (15 practical salinity units, PSU), and daily FS (0–30 PSU, average of 4.8 PSU) conditions. The traits of FS-treated leaves were measured in seedlings under 15 PSU. FS-treated seedlings had greater leaf biomass than those in other treatment groups. Moreover, leaf photosynthetic rate, capacity to regulate photoelectron uptake/transfer, and leaf succulence were significantly higher in FS than in CS treatment. However, leaf water-use efficiency showed the opposite trend. In addition to higher concentrations of Na⁺ and Cl⁻, FS-treated leaves accumulated more Ca²⁺ and K⁺. We concluded that daily FS can enhance water absorption, photosynthesis, and growth of leaves, as well as alter plant biomass allocation patterns, thereby positively affecting B. gymnorhiza. Mangroves that experience daily FS may increase their adaptability by reducing salt build-up and water deficits when their roots are temporally subjected to low salinity or FW and by absorbing sufficient amounts of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ for osmotic adjustment when their roots are subsequently exposed to saline water.     

结合BM3D和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法

提出了一种基于三维块匹配（BM3D）和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波的遥感影像混合噪声去噪方法，使用coief3小波和sym2小波替换传统三维块匹配算法中的bior1.5和hear参数，将三维块匹配算法和多级非线性加权平均中值滤波相结合以提高算法对混合噪声的去噪能力。进行一个仿真对比试验和一个真实遥感影像去噪试验，试验表明，本文提出的方法在遥感影像混合噪声去噪方面效果要优于传统混合噪声去噪方法。     

Fast genetic mapping in barley: case studies of cuticle mutants using RNA-sequencing

Barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the earliest domesticated crop species and ranked as the fourth largest cereal production worldwide. Forward genetic studies in barley have greatly advanced plant genetics during the last century; however, most genes are identified by the conventional mapping method. Array genotyping and exome-capture sequencing have also been successfully used to target the causal mutation in barley populations, but these techniques are not widely adopted because of associated costs and partly due to the huge genome size of barley. This review summarizes three mapping cases of barley cuticle mutants in our laboratory with the help of RNA-sequencing. The causal mutations have been successfully identified for two of them and the target genes are located in the pericentromeric regions. Detailed information on the mapping-by-sequencing, mapping-and-sequencing, and RNA-sequencing assisted linkage mapping are presented and some limitations and challenges on the mapping assisted by RNA sequencing are also discussed. The alternative and elegant methods presented in this review may greatly accelerate forward genetics of barley mapping, especially for laboratories without large funding.     

不同顶管组合方式的管幕冻结温度场模型试验

拱北隧道作为港珠澳大桥珠海连接线的关键性工程， 在国内外首次成功运用了管幕冻结技术。以此为背景， 为更加全面地掌握饱和软土地层中管幕冻结温度场的分布特点， 开展了不同顶管组合方式下的管幕冻结温度场模型试验研究。试验结果表明： 各测点温度曲线在积极冻结期前4 h急剧下降， 随后逐渐减缓， 降至砂土冰点后趋于平稳， 三种布管方式均满足冻结设计要求； 冻结管中低温盐水提供的冷量首先传递给顶管管壁， 再以“面”的形式均匀地传递给周围土体； 积极冻结21 h后， 采用四根空顶管组合的C区冻结壁竖向范围最大， 空管管壁正上方冻结壁平均厚度约为105 mm， 在满足管幕刚度设计要求的前提下， 可采此布管方式以达到快速形成冻结帷幕的目的。限位管开启后的4 h内， 实顶管中线垂直距离100 mm范围内测点温度曲线虽有明显回升但仍维持在冻土冰点以下， 超出此范围后温度变化影响逐渐减弱， 且顶管间冻结壁稳定存在， 表明限位管在满足管间有效封水的条件下， 能在一定范围内起到定向限制地层冻胀的作用。优化后的双圆形冻结管在满足冻结设计要求的同时， 更加便于安装且经济环保。     

AUV矢量推进水动力计算及水平回转操纵性试验

针对矢量推进模式下的 AUV 水动力性能和操纵性能，开展了 AUV 矢量推进水动力 CFD 计算， 对矢量推进水平回转操纵性进行了评估，加工了矢量推进样机，并进行湖上操纵性验证。理论计算和试验数据表明：矢量推进具备极高的低速操纵性，该研究为矢量推进在 AUV 上的应用提供了理论和技术基础。     

海底地形图表达方法探讨

为实现海底地形多样化表示与服务,丰富海底地形图表示样式,分析了海底地形图的主要内容,研究了海底地形图可视化表达机制。结合多源海底地貌与底质数据的特点,提出了基于颜色扩展联合图形符号、可灵活组合的海底地形图表示策略,给出了水深注记、等深线、深度区、海底底质这4类主要海底地形要素的具体表达方法。试验表明,设计的可视化表达方法能实现不同类型、不同来源、不同质量差异的多类型海底地形数据的有效表达,为海底地形数据的多样化表达提供参考。     

资源环境承载协调理论与评价方法

资源环境承载能力评价是进行国土空间规划和用途管控的基础性工作,越来越受到国家重视。在资源环境承载能力研究实践中,以自然资源环境系统及其与社会经济系统的关系为主要研究对象,创新性提出了"资源环境承载协调理论",并基于此理论初步建立了不同空间尺度的地质资源环境承载能力评价技术方法,构建了地质环境、地下水资源、矿产资源等不同资源环境要素的承载能力评价指标体系,包括承载本底评价指标和承载状态评价指标。规范了不同尺度的资源与环境承载能力评价流程,为有序推动全国、区域及市县尺度的自然单元和行政单元的地质资源环境承载能力评价工作提供了强有力的。     

1990—2018年中巴经济走廊冰湖时空变化特征

中巴经济走廊是贯通南北丝路的关键枢纽。在全球变暖的背景下， 区域内冰川变化情况复杂， 部分冰川出现前进或跃动现象， 冰湖溃决的风险在不断上升， 进而威胁中巴经济走廊的建设与民生安全。基于1990—2018年Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI遥感影像， 利用目视解译方法提取了中巴经济走廊3期冰湖编目数据， 并分析了28年来该区域内冰湖的总体变化趋势、 空间异质性以及成因。结果表明： 中巴经济走廊目前共发育有2 380个冰湖， 总面积为（131.76±19.08） km²， 集中分布于喀喇昆仑山脉和喜马拉雅山脉； 1990—2018年期间， 冰湖总体面积扩张速度为0.48%·a^-1， 但各个山脉不同规模冰湖面积变化差异较大。中巴经济走廊在气温和降水的共同作用下， 区内冰湖面积呈扩张趋势， 同时气温和降水变化率的空间差异使得冰湖面积变化存在空间差异； 冰川的快速退缩增加了区内冰湖溃决的风险。     

起伏地表下P-SV转换波动校正

P-SV转换波勘探是一种行之有效的地震勘探技术。基于地表一致性假设,P-SV转换波动校正过程中将地表假设为平坦地形。而随着地震勘探向复杂地区的深入,地表起伏大、高速老地层出露的问题,使得地震数据难以满足地表一致性假设。因此,现行的基于地表一致性的P-SV转换波动校正处理方法不能很好地对P-SV转换波进行动校正,影响转换波勘探的准确性。为此,本文从转换波的运动学特征出发,建立了起伏地表下P-SV转换波动校正方程,并构建了起伏地表条件下转换波动校正方法。通过理论模型模拟计算了起伏地表下P-SV转换波动校正方法,结果表明采用起伏地表下的转换波动校正方程能够取得较好的动校正效果,为P-SV转换波速度分析提供了一种行之有效的方法技术。     

Origin of the springtime South China Sea Warm Current in the southwestern Taiwan Strait: Evidence from seawater oxygen isotope

Oxygen isotope(δ~(18)O) of seawater is an excellent proxy for tracing the origins of water masses and their mixing processes. Combining with hydrographic observation, hybrid coordinate ocean model(HYCOM) analysis data, and seawater oxygen isotope, we investigated the source of the South China Sea Warm Current(SCSWC) in the southwestern Taiwan Strait and its underlying mechanism. Results show that the Kuroshio subsurface water(KSSW) can intrude the continental slope in the southwestern Taiwan Strait, and thereby climb up the continental slope coupled with upwelling. The δ~(18)O-salinity relationship further indicates that in spring, the SCSWC in the southwestern Taiwan Strait originates from the upslope deflection of the slope current formed by the KSSW intrusion into the South China Sea, rather than from the west segment of the SCSWC formed to the east of Hainan Island. In addition, the southward flowing Zhe-Min Coastal Current(ZMCC) can reach as far as the Taiwan Bank(TB) and deflects offshore over the western TB at approximately 23.5°N, to some extent affecting the SCSWC. Moreover, this study reveals that seawater δ~(18)O is exquisitely sensitive to the determination of the origin and transport of water masses as compared with traditional potential temperature-salinity plot(θ-S) and HYCOM analysis data. In addition, their coupling can more reliably interpret the mixing processes of shelf water masses.